Indian Polity Notes About The President of India for SSC Exams

Today we will be covering a very important topic from the Indian Polity section. Read this article to understand the Post of President of India, All articles related to President of India in the Indian Constitution, Eligibility to become President of India, The salary of President of India, work Tenure and Election Procedure of President of India.

Indian Polity Notes About The President of India for SSC Exams

Today we have shared Indian Polity Notes About The President of India. This article will be very helpful for your upcoming exams of UPSC, IAS/PCS, SSC, RAILWAY, UPPSC, RPSC, BPSC, MPPSC, TNPSC, MPSC, KPSC.

Below we have a list of all the articles Related to the post of President of India.

• Article 52: President of India
• Article 53: Executive power of the Union
• Article 54: Election of President
• Article 55: Manner of election of President
• Article 56: Term of office of President
• Article 57: Eligibility for re-election
• Article 58: Qualification for election as President
• Article 59: Conditions of President office
• Article 60: Oath or affirmation by the President
• Article 61: Procedure for impeachment of President
• Article 62: Time of holding an election to fill the vacancy in the office of President and the term of office or person elected to fill the casual vacancy.

To read this article in Hindi please click here भारतीय संविधान में भारत के राष्ट्रपति से संबंधित सभी लेख

Article 52: President of India

• There shall be a President of India.
• The President is the first citizen of India.
• President is the Head of State of India.
• President is the supreme commander of all Three Indian Armed Forces.

Who was the First President of India? Dr. Rajendra Prasad

Who is the Current President of Inda? Ram Nath Kovind was sworn in on 25 July 2017, as the 14th President of India.

Article 53: Executive power of the Union

The executive powers and functions of the President are

• All executive functions of the Government of India are formally taken in his name.
• He may specify the rules in the manner in which orders and other instruments made in his name will be authenticated.
• He may make rules for the more convenient transaction of business of the Central Government, and for the allocation of the said business between ministers.
• He appoints the Prime Minister and other ministers.
• He appoints the Attorney General of India and determines his remuneration.
• He appoints the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners, the chairman and members of the Union Public Service Commission, the governors of the states, the chairman and members of the Finance Commission and so on.
•  He can appoint a commission to investigate the conditions of SC, ST, and other backward classes.
• He can appoint an inter-state council to promote center-state and inter-state cooperation.
• He administers the Union Territories directly through the administrators appointed by him.
• He can declare any area as Scheduled Area and has authority to the administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.

Legislative powers

The President is an integral part of the Parliament of India and enjoys the following legislative powers.

• He can call or promote Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha. He may also call a joint sitting of the two Houses of Parliament, which is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
• He may address Parliament at the beginning of the first session after each general election and in the first session of each year.
• He can send a message to the Houses of Parliament, whether it is in relation to a bill pending in Parliament or otherwise.
• He can appoint any member of the Lok Sabha to preside over his proceedings when both the Speaker and the Speaker have offices.
• Similarly, he can also appoint a member of the Rajya Sabha to preside over the post of Deputy Chairman.
• The proceedings occur when the offices of both the chairman and the vice president are vacated.
• He nominates 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from among persons having special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, arts, and social service.
• He can nominate two members from the Anglo Indian Community to the Lok Sabha.
• He decides on the questions as to the disqualification of members of Parliament in consultation with the Election Commission.
• Introducing certain types of bills in Parliament requires their prior recommendation or permission. For example, expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India or the change of state boundaries or a bill for the creation of a new state is included.

Financial powers

The financial powers and functions of the President are:

• A money bill can be introduced in Parliament only with his previous recommendation.
• He causes it to be laid before the Parliament the annual financial statement (ie Union Budget).
• Apart from his recommendation, no demand for grants can be made.

Judicial powers

The judicial powers and functions of the President are:

• He appoints the Chief Justice and judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
• He can consult the Supreme Court on any question of law or fact. However, the advice given by the Supreme Court is not binding on the President.
• He may waive, punish, relieve, or sentence or suspend the conviction of any person guilty of any offense

Diplomatic powers

International treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on behalf of the President. However, they are subject to the approval of Parliament. He represents India in international forums and affairs and sends and receives ambassadors, high commissioners, and so on diplomats.

Military powers

• He is the supreme commander of India's Defense Forces. 
• In that capacity, he appoints the Chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. 
• He can declare war or declare peace, subject to the approval of Parliament.

Emergency powers

In addition to the general powers mentioned above, the Constitution confers extraordinary powers to deal with the President

The following three types of emergencies:

• National Emergency (Article 352)
• President's rule (Articles 356 and 365)
• Financial Emergency (Article 360)

Veto Power of the President

A bill passed by Parliament can become an act only if it receives the assent of the President. When such a bill is presented to the President for his assent, he has three options (under Article 111 of the Constitution):

• Absolute veto: Withholding the assent to the bill.
• Doubtful veto: Returning the bill for reconsideration.
• Pocket veto: Taking no action on the bill sent to the President.

Article 54: Election of President

The process of the presidential election is called 'Electoral College'.

The President's electoral college includes:

• Members of Rajya Sabha - Upper House of the Parliament of India
• Member of Lok Sabha - The lower house of Parliament of India 
• Members of each state assembly - the lower house of the state legislature
• Members of each assembly constituency have an assembly - Delhi and Puducherry

Article 55: Manner of Election of President

According to Article 55, as far as practicable, there will be uniformity in scale representation of various states in the election of President.

Article 56: Term of office of President

• The President holds office for a term of five years, the date on which he enters his office. 
• However, he can resign from his office at any time by addressing the resignation letter to the Vice-President. 
• In addition, he may also be removed from the office before completing his term by a process of impeachment.
• The President can hold office beyond his term of five years until his successor takes charge. He is also eligible for re-election to that office.

Article 57: Eligibility for re-election

The President shall be eligible for re-election to other provisions of the Constitution under office.

Article 58: Qualification for election as President

The person qualified for election as President must fulfill the following qualifications:

• He should be a citizen of India.
• He should have completed 35 years of age.
• He should be eligible for election as a member of the Lok Sabha.
• He should not hold any office of profit under the Central Government or any State Government or any local authority or any other public authority. A president or vice-president of a union, the governor of any state, and a minister of the union or a state are not given any office of profit and are therefore considered eligible as presidential candidates.

Article 59: Conditions of President office

The constitution fulfills the following conditions of office of the President:

• He should not be a member of either House of Parliament or a member of the State Legislative Assembly. If such a person is elected as the President, he is considered to vacate his seat in that House on the date on which he enters his office as President.
• He should not hold any other office of profit.
• He is entitled to the use of his official residence (Rashtrapati Bhavan), without payment of rent.
• He is entitled to such regulations, allowances, and privileges as may be prescribed by Parliament.
• His salary and allowances cannot be reduced during his tenure.

Article 60: Oath or affirmation by the President

Before entering his office, the President is required to make an oath or pledge and subscribe. In his oath, the President swears:

• To execute the office faithfully.
• Protection, protection, and defense of the Constitution and the law.
• To dedicate himself to the service and welfare of the people of India.

Article 61: Procedure for impeachment of President

• The President can be removed from office by a process of impeachment for 'violation of the constitution'. However, the Constitution does not define the meaning of the phrase 'violation of the Constitution'.
• Impeachment charges can be initiated by any House of Parliament. 
• These charges should be signed by one-quarter of the members of the House, and the President should be given 14 days' notice. 
• After the impeachment motion is passed by a two-thirds majority of the total membership of that House, it is referred to another House, which should investigate the allegations. 
• The President has the right to appear and represent in such investigations. If the other House also repeals the charges and passes the impeachment motion by a two-thirds majority of the total membership, the President is removed from his office on the date on which the motion is passed.

Article 62: Time of holding an election to fill the vacancy in the office of President and the term of office or person elected to fill the casual vacancy.

A vacancy in the office of the President can occur in the following ways:

• At the end of his term of five years.
• By his resignation.
• On his removal by the process of impeachment.
• From his death.
• Otherwise, for example, when he is disqualified to hold office or when his election is declared void.

Salary of the President of India 

In the year 2019, the monthly compensation of the President of India will be INR 5 lakhs. In addition to the monthly compensation, the President will be entitled to the use of his official houses. He/she will be additionally eligible for remittances, stipends, and benefits as per law by Parliament. According to 59, until arrangements are made for that

Such payments, revaluations, and benefits will be set out in the Second Schedule when the account is taken.

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