Indus Valley Civilization is an important topic to be covered for exams like SSC, UPSC, RAILWAYS. Each year 2 - 3 questions are asked from Harappa civilization.
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Indus Valley Civilization (2500 BC-1750 BC)
According to archaeological tradition, the oldest name is Indus civilization, also known as Harappan civilization, the most appropriate name is Saraswati civilization.
- The most accepted period 2500 BCE - 1750 BCE by carbon-14 dating. John Marshall was the first scholar to use the term 'Indus Civilization'.
- The Indus valley civilization belongs to the Proto Historic Period (Chalcolithic Age / Bronze Age). The Indus
civilization was spread over Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, Haryana,
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Western UP, and Northern Maharashtra. Extended from modern north-east Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.
- Some of the Important innovations of the Indus valley civilization include standardized weights and measures, seal carvings, and metallurgy with copper, bronze, lead, and tin.
- Civilization ended due to climate change and migration.
Important Indus Valley Civilization Sites below:
Harappa
River - Ravi
District - Sahiwal
State - Punjab
Country - Pakistan
Excavators - Daya Ram Sahni (1921), Madho Swaroop Vats (1926), Wheeler (1946)
Mohenjodaro
River - Indus
District - Larkana
State - Sindh
Country - Pakistan
Excavators - Khal Das Banerjee (1922), McKay (1927) Wheeler (1930)
Chanhudaro
River - Indus
District - Nawabshah
State -Sindh
Country -Pakistan
Excavators - McKay (1925), N.G. Majumdar (1931)
Lothal
River -Bhogaya
District - Ahmedabad
State - Gujarat
Country - India
Excavators - SR Rao (1954)
Kalibangan
River - Ghaggar
District - Hanumangarh
State - Rajasthan
Country - India
Excavators - Amalanand Ghosh (1951), B.V. Lal and B.K. Thapar (1961)
Banawali
River - Ghaggar
District -Fatehabad
State - Haryana
Country - India
Excavators - R.S. Bisht (1973)
Dholavira
River - Luni
District - Kutchh
State - Gujarat
Country - India
Excavators - J.P. Joshi (1967-68)
Important Indus Valley Civilization Facts
- Which tree Did the Indus valley people use to worship - Peepal.
- Indus valley civilization people worshipped - Pashupati.
- The port city (Harbour) of the Indus valley civilization - Lothal.
- The material used to make the coins during the Harappan period - Steatite.
- Harappan civilization belonged to - Bronze age.
- Cultural evidence of Harappan culture from the Stone Age - found in Mehargarh.
- Navdatoli excavation - H.D. Sankaliya.
- Which site is known as the Garden of Sindh - Mohenjodaro
- The New Stone Age site belongs to the mound of ash - sangankallu.
- Rock Shelter from which most numbers of pictures have been found - Bhimbetka.
- Bhimbetka is a place famous for proto - historical art.
- Evidence of animal husbandry has been found during the Middle Stone Age - Bagor and Adamgarh.
- The first evidence of humans has been found in India -Hathnora, Valley of Narmada.
- Ocher Color Pottery (OCP) was named - Hastinapur.
- Dog skeleton with the man was found in Burjholm.
- The oldest evidence of rice cultivation has been found in Koldihwa.
- Which is the new Stone Age site in Kashmir? - Burzahome.
- The earliest evidence of polished pot has been found in Chopni - Mando.
- What do you mean by epigraphy? Study of Rock Inscriptions.
- In the Indus Valley Civilization, at which place was the Great Bath found? Mohenjodaro.
- Which Indus Valley site is located in Punjab in Pakistan? Harappa.
- Which Indus Valley site was discovered by Rakhal Das Banerjee? Mohenjodaro.
- The script of Indus Valley people was __? Pictographic script.
- The earliest evidence of agriculture in the Indian subcontinent given? Mehargarh.
- At the Indus Valley site, remains of horse bones have been found? Surkotada.
- In which place was the Great Granary found in the Indus Valley Civilization? Mohenjodaro.
- In which of the Harappan sites were terracotta female figures discovered? Mohenjodaro.
- The famous bull seals of the Indus Valley Civilization were found? Mohenjodaro.
- Evidence of a game similar to chess was found at which of the following sites in the Indus Valley Civilization? Lothal.
- Mohenjo Daro means 'mound of the dead'.
- What was used to build houses in the Indus Valley Civilization? Brics.
- At which Harappan sites have an inkpot been discovered? Chanhudaro.
- Which two cities of the Indus Valley Civilization was situated on the banks of the Ghaggar River? Kalibangan and Banwali.
- Which site of the Indus Valley era is considered the oldest "ploughed field area" in the world? Kalibangan.
- Early evidence of agriculture in the barley/wheat Indian subcontinent was found in Mehargarh.
- Belan Valley is located in Uttar Pradesh.
- From which place in the Middle Stone Age, there is evidence of burial of man and woman together? - Mahadaha ( NEOLITHIC PERIOD ).
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