Today we have shared a very Important article This article discusses the overview of Water Tube Boilers, Components, and Types. for SSC JE, RRB JE, State Level Engineering Exams, Gate. We have also shared Some of the Previous Year questions that are asked From topic Boilers in SSC JE, GATE, RRB JE, and various other engineering exams.
What is a Water Tube Boiler?
Water Tube boilers are mainly used to generate high temperatures as well as pressures. The internal structure of this boiler consists of a small steam drum, small width tubes. The components of this boiler generate high volume vapor for high capacity applications. These boilers are the most frequently used boilers that have replaced fire boilers for many boilers because the weight of this tube is low due to some reasons, the steam production process is fast, custom-designed, high efficiency. The earlier water tubes included the arrangement of a single drum by a header that connected small, straight tubes and twisted pipes. Hot gases will only flow over the pipe at once. This article discusses the overview of water tube boilers, components, and types.
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Read about Fire Tube Boiler - Working Principle, Types and Advantages here Fire Tube Boiler
A water tube boiler can be defined as a steam boiler in which the flow of water in the tubes, as well as hot gases, surrounds the tubes. Not like fire tube boilers, this boiler achieves high pressure, as well as high-steam capabilities. This is due to the condensed tangent pressure on the tubes known as hoop stress.
Components Water Tube Boiler
Water-tube boilers can be made with a boiler shell, burner, earthen drum or earthen ring, furnace, safety valve, strainer, sight glass, feed check valve, steam stop valve, etc.
- Boiler Shell: This shell is the outer cylindrical part of a pressure container.
- Mud drum: It is a cylindrical formed space based on the location of water. Impurities such as soil, sediment, and others will be collected.
- Strainer: It is a type of device that supplies a fluid as a filter to contain solids.
- Sight glass: A glass tube is used on a steam type boiler to give a noticeable indication of the water level in the boiler.
- Security Valve: Spring-loaded tap that unlocks when the force finds the location of the valve. This can be used to prevent the unnecessary force from the boiler construction
- Boiler: It is an enclosed space introduced for fuel combustion.
- Feed-test tap: High-pressure water flows from this tap, which easily leaves the boiler and supplies water to the water-type boiler.
- Steam-stop tap: This controls the supply of steam flow to the outside.
- Burner: It is a type of device for the introduction of air and fuel into the boiler at a preferred velocity. It is the most essential tool for firing gas or oil.
Working Principle of Water Tube Boiler
The Working Principle of the Water Tube Boiler is the thermal siphon (circulation of natural water). Originally, this type of boiler consisted of two drums namely steam, low, or mud drums.
The water tube boiler diagram is shown below, and these two drums are connected through two tubes such as the downcomer and riser. Firstly, water is supplied to the steam type drum with the help of a water pump. Whenever fuel is burnt, hot gases will be generated which are allowed to supply into the shell part of the boiler. Hot gases generated by fuel will replace heat by water; Water turns to steam. Because, as the water temperature increases, the concentration will automatically increase.
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| Water Tube Boiler |
Obviously, the concentration of steam will be lower than that of water. Thus in steam drums, water, as well as steam, is clearly divided due to variations in concentration. Here the steam will travel upstream due to low density and also the water will go down due to high concentration.
The flow of hot water at the base of the steam drum will be supplied to the mud drum through the down clear tube as well as to heat the water in the soil type drum. Whenever the cooler supply water is started in a steam type drum due to the high concentration of cold water, and it goes down into the downcomer type tube near the sludge drum.
When hot water is transferred from sludge type drums to steam type drums using riser tubes, this results in the normal water circulation in the water tube type boilers. As additional steam is produced in the boiler, the force in the drum increases, and the water supply in the drum decreases which is to reduce the flow of steam. In the same way, when the production rate of steam reduces the force in the water-tube boiler, and the water supply in the boiler increases, which works to increase the production rate. In this way, the water tube boiler controls the production of steam.
Types of water tube boilers
Types of water tube boilers include the following.
- Simple vertical boiler
- Sterling boiler
- Babcock & Wilcox Boilers
Simple Vertical Boiler
It is a type of water tube boiler. In this type of boiler, the axis of direction is vertical with respect to position. Major components of this boiler include ash pit, grate, feed check tap, fire hole, firebox, cross box, hand hole, fusible plug, water gauge, cylindrical shell, steam space, manhole, pressure gauge, steam stop tap, safety tap Huh. , Chimney.
In this type of boiler, fire is added to the grate using hawk fuel that is destroyed by fire to generate hot gases. Ash pit is for collecting ash which is converted from fuel. The hot gases move more and supply their heat towards the water within the cross box, then exit using a chimney.
When the water is hot and vapor is generated due to the heating of water, the vapor in the boiler gets collected. The vapor is collected until a certain force is conquered and the vapor exits to activate the engine or turbine. These boilers are used in steam-powered vehicles as well as mobile machines such as railway steam engines, steam tractors, steam shovels, and steam cranes.
Sterling Boiler
Sterling boilers are a type of water tube boiler, used to generate steam (50,000 kg steam/hr and 60 kg / cm2 pressure) over a large area of a stationary plant. This type of boiler has 3 steam drums as well as 2 mud drums. Steam drums are located at the top of the boiler while sludge drums are located at the base of the arrangement. Steam drums and earthen drums are connected through bent tube banks.
When the tube is turned on, mechanical pressure cannot affect the system due to the expansion of the pipe throughout heating. Two drums as well as tubes are designed from steel that will support the total system.
The arrangement of the sterling boiler is enclosed with brickwork. Here, the arrangement of bricks will avoid heat dissipation in the surroundings
Babcock and Wilcox Boiler
It is a horizontal straight water tube boiler. It has a steam drum made of steel. The two ends of the drum are connected with short riser pipes with a series of two end headers. These are disposed at a 15o0 angle on the horizontal axis of the steam drum. Disposal of the arrangement of the tubes assists the water supply, and the water level in the drum is indicated with a water level indicator.
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| Babcock and Wilcox Boilers |
The fire door in the water boiler will be located at the bottom and fuel will be supplied through this door and lit in a furnace. The burning fuel will generate hot gases that are forced to supply upward along with the baffle plates. At the bottom of the water boiler, the soil collector is located to remove soil particles using a cock-down blow. Therefore, a nonstop water circulation from the steam drum towards the water tubes is maintained by convection currents due to the concentration difference and is called normal circulation.
Thus, it is all about the water tube boiler design, working principle, and its variants. Finally, from the above information, we can conclude that all components of the water tube boiler are simply available for inspection, repair, and cleaning.
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